Weaving frame for hand weaving



p M. L. THACKERAY W EAVING FRAME FOR HAND WEAVING Fil ed Sept. 21, 19563 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 28, 1937. M. L. THACKERAY v WEAVING FRAME FORHAND WEAVING Filed Sept. 21, 1936 SSheetS-S'neet INVENTOR Sept. 28,1937. L. THACKERAY WEAVING FRAME FOR HAND WEAVING Filed Sept. 21, 1936 3Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Sept. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES WEAVING FRAME FORHAND WEAVING Margaret Louise Thackeray, Dereham, Norfolk,

England Application September 21, 1936, Serial No. 101,797 In GreatBritain November 6, 1934 Claims.

This invention relates to weaving frames for use in connection with handweaving apparatus and has. for its object to provide a portableapparatus for hand or treadle weaving which can 5 be readily erected anddisassembled, which may be readily warped and mounted for weaving, and

the hand weaving frame having a readily de-.

tachable heddle frame, and the treadle weaving frame being formed withan attaching device for readily adapting it to the hand weaving frame inplace of the said heddle frame, the treadle weaving frame having aplurality of heddles and treadles for individually actuating itsheddles,

The weaving frame may be made of wood, metal or other suitable materialand may consist of two side pieces with two adjustable ends and legs tostand on the floor, or alternatively two shorter legs for use in bed,and may be fitted with cogged or other wheels for winding the bobbins.The

Whole of the parts is so constructed and fastened together so as to beeasily disassembled and packed in a small case. 7

A warper is provided which may consist of two triangular side frameswith a removable cross piece and a rod or pins through the side pieceson which the weaving frame may revolve. All these may be made of wood,metal or other suitable material. The warping frame may be used tosupport the weaving frame instead of the above mentioned legs during theweaving operation.

A treadle attachmentthat can be fitted to the weaving frame may be madeof wood, metal or other suitable material, and consists of a rigid framewith carrier and reels or other contrivance for carrying the heddlecords to a number of foot 45 pedals. The whole of the parts are soconstructed and fastened together as to be easily disassembled andpacked in a small case.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a weavingframe with-a heddle lifter andcomb mounted thereomFig. 2 is aperspective view of an extension device for use when producing long orshorter cloth lengths; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a warping standwith weaving frame and comb in place; Fig. ,4 is a 55,. perspective viewof a comb holder for use when the topbar of the comb is removed; Fig. 5is a perspective view of a suitable treadle attachment; Fig. 6 is aperspective View of a rocker attachment to facilitate pattern weaving;Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a suitable warp threader; Fig. 8 is aperspective View of an adjustable indicator for showing the order inwhich the treadles are to be used; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of asuitable bobbin winding device, and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of thewarper embodied in the hand weaving apparatus.

Referring to the drawings the Weaving frame shown in Fig. 1 comprisestwo parallel side bars 5, of square or other suitable section formed atboth ends with co-axially extending threaded ends 2 and 3, front andrear respectively, passed adjustably through two transverse bars 2a andto about three inches wide and fitted with nuts 4 to enable theeffective length of the frame to be adjusted. These side bars areprovided with holes ii through which can be passed pins 5a forconnecting the bars i to a supporting frame 7. The side bars l support aheddle frame 6 provided with two angle section bars 6a slidable alongthe bars 6.

A driving pinion 8 can be rotatably supported near the top of one of thelegs of the member I which supports one end of the bars I. Mounted on acrank or handle fitted shaft 9, this pinion meshes with a smallerdiameter one It on the spindle of which is fitted a cup ll adapted toreceive one end of a bobbin M2 on which the weft to be. inserted iswound. The other end of the bobbin is fitted in a cup-ended screw l3rotatably supported by a bracket I l fitted to the other upright 1.

The heddle frame 6 adaptable to this apparatus has a pair of uprightsi5. each having a slot at its upper end accommodating semi-circularplates I6 oscillatable on pins it passed through the furcations of theslotted parts. A pair of parallel heddle rods Ida pass through aperturesin the corners of these two semi-circular plates. These rods each carrya heddle (not shown) made of a continuous length of string with loops soarranged on the two rods that other loops may pass between alternatewarp threads and allow either set of warp threads to be raised as thesemicircular plates are oscillated. A comb 24 is fitted across the barsI in front of the heddle.

The two transverse bars 2a and 3a serve initially to receive the warpand when it is required to wind the warp around them use may be made ofthe warping frame shown in Fig. 3. This frame comprises two side Aframes I8 connected together by a cross bar [9 detachably secured bywing nuts and bolts 25. Bracket plates 2| are fixed to the apices of theframes I8 and these carry inwardly directed co-axial studs 22 adapted toengage in either pairs of apertures 512 or 50 in the side bars I of theweaving frame to obtain the correct balance of the frame according towhether the extension la is being used or not. Wing nuts 23 on thesestuds form abutments to retain the weaving frame on the warping frameand enable the weaving frame to be rotated between the side frames i8which are of sufficient height to permit complete rotation of" theweaving frame. During the warping operation the comb 24 with its top bar24a removed is clamped between the cross bar 2a and the nuts 4 asillustrated in Fig. 3 whereby successive warp threads may be passedbetween successive teeth 24 as the weaving frame is rotated. During thewarping operation the heddle rods lSa are removed so that there will beno interference on the part of these rods with the proper positioning ofthe warp threads. After the warping operation is completed, the heddlerods are again positioned above the weaving frame and the warp threadsare suitably supported from the heddle rods by means of a heddle, forthe purpose of forming a shed, as hereinbefore explained.

The warping frame l8 may be used for supporting the weaving frame duringthe weaving operation, as illustrated in Fig. 10, instead of thesupporting frame I in Fig. 1, if desired.

The operation of weaving is as described in the specification of myprior British Patent No. 252,984.

A suitable treadle attachment with a number of individually actuatedheddles is shown in Fig. 5. It is adapted to be mounted on the side barsThis attachment comprises a vertical oblong frame 26 with a pair ofchannel section blocks 21 fitted to the inner sides of the uprights,these blocks being adapted to be fitted over the bars I in place of theheddle frame base members 5a, for which purpose pins 21a are passedthrough such blocks and under the bars I. The heddle rods 28 (only twoof which are shown) correspond in number to the number of treadles 29,six of which are shown as an example. The

heddle rods 28 are suspended from yokes 39, and

the centre of each yoke receives the upper ends of two cords 3i guidedin opposite directions over a guide bar 32 bridging the upper horizontalmember 26a of the frame 26 and a further frame bar 33 fixed to the upperends of two uprights 34 fixed near their lower ends to the blocks 2?.Each pair of cords 3| are brought together as at 3la and coupled bysingle cord 3ib to the appropriate treadle 29. The cords 3| are guidedover circular or semi-circular section guide bars 35, the upper ones ofwhich are secured across the frame bars 26a and 33.

The treadles 29 are guided between plates 36 secured vertically acrossthe lower horizontal bar 261) and a further horizontal bar 260 of theframe 26 and they are additionally separated at their pivot ends bydistance piece blocks 31 which in common with the treadles are threadedon to a pin 38 passed through a pair of upright bars 39 and secured bywing nuts 38a. The pin 38 can also serve to anchor the lower ends of twodiagonal stay bars 40 secured at their upper ends by bolts and wing nutsM to the frame 26. Additional bracing bars 42 are connected across thesestay bars 49 and the uprights 39 and are also detachably secured bybolts and wing nuts 43.

The treadles 29 are maintained in and returned to their normal positionsby tension springs 44 connected to said treadles and to ligatures 44aanchored at their upper ends to a transverse bar 45 which in conjunctionwith a lower situated transverse bar 46 completes the frame appropriatetothe su'pportpf the treadles. The bars 45 and 46 are detachably securedto the bars 39 by bolts and wing nuts.

Adaptors such as shown in Fig. 2 may be provided to reduce or increasethe size of the warp, such adaptors being in the form of a pair of barsla fitted at one end into a transverse flat bar 31) and threaded attheir other ends for engagement in apertures 30 in the weaving frame bar3a. Nuts 4a are threaded on to the threaded ends of these bars and thebars can as shown extend inside, or alternatively outside the saidweaving frame.

To facilitate manipulation of the heddle rods when pattern weavingwithout the treadle attachment a rocker device (see Fig. 6) is providedin the form of two uprights 41 carried by a horizontal cross piece 48and having rounded base parts 49 which rock on the side pieces of theweaving frame.

rocker frame and rocking this by hand and thereby raising the requiredwarp threads.

The comb or reed 24 is slidable upon the bars.

8 and has a removable top bar 24a the ends of.

which are apertured to align with bolt receiv-' ing apertures on the endcorner pieces of the comb or reed. Metal clips 59 such as shown in Fig.4 can be used to secure the comb to the side pieces of the weaving frameand these clips can also be used forfixing the heddle frame. These clipsare bifurcated plates the limbs of which are of taper or wedge form. Thelower edge of each clip is formed with a pair of lateral lugs 5! adaptedto engage a side member I to hold the comb in position when thebifurcations 59a are pressed over the lower bar 241) of the comb.

An indicator made of card, metal or wood is provided to indicate theorder in which the treadles are to be used. A suitable form of such anindicator is shown in Fig. 8 and comprises a casing in the form of twospaced parallel discs When using the rocker de-- vice, the heddle rods19a are taken out of their- The required. sheds are then formed insuccession by placing; one or the other of these heddle rods in the:

52 formed integral with a pair of flat plates 53 abutted against eachother and each bent L fashion at its lower end to provide a U shapedclamp 54 which can be engaged over a suitable frame element of theapparatus for instance the member 24a. Disposed between the discs 52 isa rotatable disc formed with peripheral teeth 55 by which it can berotated. This rotatable disc bears a succession of numerals indicatingthe order in which the treadles are to be used and adapted to be exposedthrough an aperture 56 in one of the discs 52. r

'A skein holder and bobbin winder suitable for use with the apparatus isshown in Fig. .9 and comprises a base bar 51 which can be clamped by abench or U shaped clamp 58 to a table or to the weaving frame. The basebar carries an upright four limbed support 59 for four spools 69 roundwhich the skein 6| is shaped and fed.

The spools can be adjusted relatively to each other by fitting wing nuts62 on pins 63 carrying them, these pins being adjustable in slots 64 inthe upright. A bar 65 extends horizontally at right angles from the basebar and carries a slidable end bearing 66 for one end of the bobbin 61onto which the wool is wound. The other end of the bobbin is fitted in asocket 68 formed with a spindle 69 rotating in a bearing bracket 10 atthe free end of the said horizontally extending bar, this spindlecarrying a small diameter friction wheel II or pulley driven by a largerdiameter one 1'2, the spindle of which is mounted adjustably in saidbearing bracket to enable the degree of friction to be adjusted.Alternatively gear wheels may be employed. The wound bobbin is employedas a shuttle for inserting the Weft.

The warp threader (or leasing device) can as shownin Fig. 7 comprisefour or other suitable number of horizontal rods 13 of varying lengthsdetachably plugged at one end 13a into apertures 14 in a cross bar 15carried by two blocks 16, these blocks being hollowed or channelled asat T! to fit a side member of the weaving frame so that the rods 13project across the frame. When warping, the threads may be passed underand over the required rods and thereby leased and kept separated in amanner well known.

Additional uprights may be provided to support the weaving frame whichnormally rests at one end on the knee of the operator. These uprightscan be adjusted at an angle to their normal vertical position relativelyto the plates constituting the feet, and selected apertures at the upperends of the uprights can have bolts or said rod passed through them andregistering apertures in one end of the weaving frame.

The warper feature of this invention, as heretofore explained, may .beembodied as a feature of the weaving apparatus, as illustrated in Fig.10. After the warp has been wound the wing nuts 23 (see Fig. 3) may beunscrewed and the studs 22 removed from the aperture 51) or 50, as thecase may be, and inserted in the holes 5 adjacent the end of the bars I,and the nuts 23 again screwed on the studs 22. With one end of theweaving frame so supported, the other end may rest on the weavers lap.

A noticeable feature of this invention is the arrangement of the variousframe parts which facilitates their disassembly and assembly whereby acomplete set of weaving apparatus may be transported in a compact mannerand erected at any desired site.

I claim:-

1. In a device for weaving, a support adapted to stand upon a floor, aweaving frame having side and end pieces, said frame being rotatablymounted upon said support and adapted to rotate upon said support in asubstantially constant plane through a complete circle under impulse ofthe hand, a comb carried in fixed position by said frame and arranged torevolve with said frame as the same is rotated, said comb having amultiplicity of warp thread receiving slots, said slots being open alongone end, said warp being adapted to be laid lengthwise on and aroundsaid frame during rotation thereof and the warp threads beingprogressively inserted into individual slots with each completerevolution of said frame, said comb being movable on the frame after theWarpthreads are laid while retaining the Warp threads in the slots tobeat up the weft.

2. In a device as defined in claim 1, wherein the comb. is composed of amultiplicity of teeth arranged in line, adjoining teeth forming saidslots and a closure bar closing said slots after warp-' ing iscompleted.

3. In a device as defined in claim 1, including heddle bars normallyextending transversely across and abovethe frame adjacent the middlethereof, the heddle rods being removable to permit the warp threads tobe continuously laid lengthwise on said frame during rotation thereofand beneath the normal plane assumed by said heddle bars during weaving.

4. In a device for weaving, a support adapted. to stand upon a floor andto be readily moved from place to place, a frame having side and endpieces, said frame being pivotally mounted upon said support, said pivotbeing arranged in a horizontal direction to permit said frame to berotated end over end, a comb carried by said frame and arranged to slidelengthwise with respect to said frame, said comb having a multiplicityof teeth and an open top permitting insertion of warp threads betweenadjoining teeth of said comb, said frame being rotatable to lay the warpthereupon and permitting the individual warp threads to be insertedbetween said comb teeth, and positive means for releasably retainingsaid comb in a stationary position on the frame during warping, saidcomb being movably supported on said frame after the warp threads havebeen laid by the warp threads passing therethrough and being guided bysaid warp threads during reciprocation in the weaving operation, saidframe being adjustable angularly with respect to said stand to positionone end of said frame and comb at any desired height to accommodate theposition of the weaver.

5. In a device as defined in claim 1, a heddle frame mounted on the sidemembers of the Weaving frame, heddle rods, notches in the heddle framefor receiving the heddle rods, the heddle rods being removable to permitthe warp threads to be continuously laid lengthwise on said frame duringrotation thereof and beneath the normal plane assumed by said heddlebars during weaving.

MARGARET L. THACKERAY.

